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By: Ben Bowser Jonathan Lelli Alex Hallowell = //The// ﻿//Battle Against Hitler// =

January 30, 1933, was the start of a time period that we will never forget. This marked the beginning of the Holocaust and the end of freedom to all Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, mental patients and cripples for the next 12 years till it ended on May 8, 1945. Not only did they lose their freedom, but they also lost their dignity and self pride, which no human being should ever have to lose. Furthermore, these groups of people also had to survive through harsh and brutal conditions, which affected them mentally and physically. Mentally they became severely depressed and physically they suffered from malnourishment. Overall, these people suffered extreme brutality that will affect them for the rest of their lives. Jews were the main target of the Germans, but they were not the only ones who tried to resist the Nazis. These people were categorized as Non-Jews, which consisted of homosexuals, gypsies, mental patients and cripples. Some specific resistance movements occured in concentration camps:

**Treblinka:**
 In early 1943, Jewish inmates organized a resistance group. Several prisoners feared they would be killed and the camp would be dismantled, in other words, the camp would be destroyed and never seen again. With the camp at risk of being dismantled and the prisoners fearing death, they revolted during the late spring and summer in 1943. On August 2,1943, the prisoners silently seized weapons from the camp armory, but were soon discovered before they could take over the camp. This resulted in hundreds of prisoners storming the gate, risking their lives for freedom. In the end, more than 300 prisoners escaped, but were soon tracked down and killed by the German SS and military unites.

**Auschwitz:**
 In 1944, there was a a revolt in the women's camp. These women were inspired by a woman who had recently escaped the camp disguised in an SS uniform. She escaped freely with official documents that described the slaughters of the Jews at the camp. However the 1944 women revolt did not involve any disguises, instead they used dynamites and one by one they blew up the furnaces in the factories. This revolt ended in the women getting captured, tortured and eventually hanged.

__**Camps**__
 Camps are where the Jews were sent to live during the Holocaust under Hitler's rule. These camps were mainly located in Germany and Poland and the camps contributed to Hitler's "Final Solution". This solution was his plan to exterminate the Jews and is known as the deadliest part of the Holocaust because Hitler wished that the conditions of the camps would be horrible for the Jews and that it would speed up the total elimination of the Jews. Furthermore, Jews were not just sent to concentration camps but they were also sent to slave labor prisons, where they worked as slaves.

 Furthermore, resistance in the Holocaust camps was extremely difficult to achieve. First off, the prisoners worked seven days a week for the SS, Shoot Staff, or for the German businesses. The Jews were also always under the eye of the SS, which was another contributing factor to why it was hard to resist in camps. With the Jews being under the watch of the SS, they would be frequently beaten or even killed if they made the slightest mistake, which made them physically and mentally hurt. Secondly, the Jews were not physically fit to resist due to malnutrition, but they were capable of passive resistance. Passive resistance consisted of the Jews not doing their work to the desired speed of the SS or even just practicing your own faith. Even though this form of resistance was not significant to others, it was meaningful to them because they gained self-pride and dignities back that the Nazi’s stole from them.

__**Deportation**__
 With Difficult conditions, several Jews participated in resistance groups. There are three different types, ghetto revolts, and resistance in concentration camps, death camps and partisan warfare. The most commonly known revolt was the Warsaw Ghetto revolt. This revolt occurred on April 19, 1943, lasting five weeks. Furthermore, Jewish inmates fought against the Nazis at several different camps. These camps are Treblinka, Babi Yar and Auschwitz.

 Although resistance groups were common, several individual felt that it was necessary to resist on their own.  The most common form of individual resistance was to wear the yellow star, Star of David, with pride. Also, there are other forms of individual resistance, which are moral, spiritual, economic, cultural and political.

 However, even though they had several Jews in Germany, they deported hundreds of more from neighboring European countries. These countries are Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Norway, Serbia, Greece, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Italy and Hungry. As you can see, the Jews were against the world at this moment in history.

__**Nuremberg Laws**__
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> Nazi's and supporters began to round up Jews and put them into harsh camps called Ghettos. Anti Jewish supporters began to break into Jewish businesses and home to vandalize property. Eventually all Jewish men, women, and children were put into harsh camps. They were originally told that they would be held for a short period of time, but that was not true. German subjects and citizens were both very different. Hitler classified both. Citizens were treated much better and fairly, while Subjects were subject to Hitler's actions. Press helped resist the laws however Jews were still treated poorly. The laws kept Jews from Germans and didn't allow them to interact. Women who were under the age of 45 were not permitted to work at home. All eventually were sent to a concentration camp. Eventually the Nuremberg laws were taken out of effect and the Nuremberg Trials occurred.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-weight: 800; line-height: 32px;">Liberation

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Hitler accused Jews when his armies were defeated. He blamed this on the losses of his armies and moved Jews into worse camps and conditions as he lost. As allies raided his camps, troops found bodies, furnaces, bones, and extremely thin people. Jews were afraid to return home, as they did not know how they would be treated since they had not heard what the views on others were, as they were stuck in concentration camps without access to the outside world. The majority of the Jews had also come down with disease and needed help everyday to stay alive. Displaced persons camps were established. These allowed people who had been set away from families to come and stay until they found family members who could take them in and keep them in homes and take care of them. Photos of people who were in the camps were posted in newspapers along with their names.

==<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; height: 143px; width: 173px;"> ==

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%; line-height: normal;">__**1933 Boycott on Jewish Businesses**__
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%; line-height: normal;">Storm Troopers stamped The Star of David on all doors to homes and businesses of Jews. The goal was to boycott these businesses, however some people still bought items there. In addition, Jews who worked at universities and institutes were fired. This was due to the government passing new unfair laws. As the boycott went on, German's continued to shop at Jewish businesses, and the troopers could not do anything.

__<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Ghettos __
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">On September 21, 1939, Reinhardt Heydrich told several Schutz Staffeinal commanders in Poland that all Jews were to be put in special areas in cities and towns. These places were called Ghetto’s. Jews were put there because Germans thought of Jews as lesser people and considered them a “ Problem”.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Life in the Ghettos was regularly horrid and unbearable. Overcrowding was common. One apartment might have had multiple families living in it at a time. Contagious disease spread rapidly in such cramped housing. People were usually always hungry.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">A wide variety of non-violent resistance took place in ghettos to help preserve some normalcy in Jews lives. Jews conducted educational classes, held musical and dramatic <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">performances.Secret newspapers were published to inform ghettos inhabitants of Nazi plans and urged Jews to maintain hope.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 22px;">**Warsaw Ghetto Uprising** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; height: 115px; width: 216px;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 14pt;">"Between July 22 and September 12, 1942, the German authorities deported or murdered around 300,000 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto" (Warsaw Ghetto Uprising). The Germans and their auxiliaries killed more than 10,000 Jews during the deportation operations. In response to the deportations, on July 28, 1942, several underground Jewish <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 19px; line-height: 27px;">organization created an armed self defense unit known as the ZOB. Estimates show that the ZOB had roughly 200 members. The revisionist party formed another resistance organization, The Jewish Military Union. Although initially there was tension between the ZOB and the ZZW, both groups decided to work together to oppose German attempts to destroy the ghetto. ZOB commander Mordecai Anielewicz commanded the Jewish fighters in the Warsaw uprising. Armed with pistols and grenades and a few automatic weapons and rifles. The ZOB fighters stunned the Germans with their Auxiliaries on the first day of fighting forcing the Germans to retreat outside the ghetto wall. SS general Jurgen Stroop reported losing ten men, killed and wounded, during the first assault on the ghetto. On the third day of the uprising Stroops SS and police forces began razing the ghetto to the ground, building by building, to force the remaining Jews out of hiding. "The German forces killed Anielewicz and those with him in an attack on the ZOB command bunker on 18 Mile street which they captured on May 8" (Warsaw Ghetto Uprising).

**__<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">The Kristallnacht __**
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The Kristallnacht, also known as the Night of Broken Glass, was an attack on Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues carried out by Nazi storm troopers on November 9. The attack was provoked when a seventeen-year-old kid named Herschel Grynszpan, received a letter after visiting Paris that stated that his father was deported to Poland to work in a concentration camp. Enraged, and wanting to avenge is father deportation, Herschel shot a German diplomat living in Paris.

__**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 130%;">Works Cited **__
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